What This Topic Covers

• Most recent Pakistan Economic Survey (released annually, day before Budget)
• Previous & current Federal Budget — revenue/expenditure priorities, deficit targets
• Sectoral performance: agriculture, industry, services

How to Prepare (this topic is 100% current-affairs dependent)

• Update every few months — figures change with each Economic Survey/Budget cycle
• Track: GDP growth rate, inflation (CPI), fiscal deficit %, current account balance, tax collection (FBR target vs actual), forex reserves, remittances
• Sectoral breakdown: agriculture growth %, large-scale manufacturing (LSM) trends, services sector contribution

Key Structural Numbers to Always Know (approximate, verify each year)

• Tax-to-GDP ratio (~9-10%, target higher under IMF program)
• GDP composition: Services (~55-58%), Agriculture (~19-23%), Industry (~19-20%)
• Major export: textiles (~55-60% of total exports)
• External debt as % of GDP — closely watched IMF benchmark

Budget-Specific Prep

• Know current fiscal year's budget priorities: defence, debt servicing, subsidies (esp. energy), development (PSDP)
• Note IMF program conditions tied to budget (tax measures, subsidy reforms, SOE reform)
• Track any new taxes, sector-specific relief/support measures announced

Study Approach

• Do NOT rely on static notes for this topic — pull the latest Economic Survey (finance.gov.pk) and latest Budget speech highlights closer to your exam date
• Cross-check figures against State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) monetary policy statements for most current data