CSS CS Optional — Paper-I, Section-B, Topic V. Paradigm = code-organization philosophy. Process model (Waterfall/Agile/Spiral) = workflow. Don't mix them up.

🔑 5 Named Paradigms

• Procedural/Structured — sequence/selection/iteration; functions operating on data.
• Object-Oriented — objects bundle data + behavior (encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism).
• Functional/Declarative — describes what, not how; side-effect-free (Haskell); includes logic programming (Prolog), query languages (SQL).
• Component-Based/Service-Oriented — assembles pre-built components/services. (underlies RAD & Distributed SE)
• Aspect-Oriented — pulls cross-cutting concerns into standalone aspects (see AOSE page).

⚠️ MCQ Trap

• "Name different software paradigms" → wants THIS list.
• Naming Waterfall/Agile/Spiral here = confusing paradigm with process model.